PNNL Climate Research Portal

This portal gives you direct access to PNNL's cutting-edge climate science research, including datasets, models, and publications. Our research spans fundamental scientific breakthroughs to practical applications, aimed at understanding climate risks and enhancing resilience across various interconnected sectors, including energy, water, and agriculture.

Climate

U.S. Balancing Authority Projections of Hourly Meteorology under Climate Change

Climate

Energy Demand

Decarbonization

Dataset

Population-weighted historical and future meteorology for four Thermodynamic Global Warming (TGW) scenarios

Go to Dataset

U.S. Climate Simulations - Thermodynamic Global Warming (TGW)

Climate

Dataset

21st century climate scenarios for the contiguous U.S. (CONUS), where past events are replayed under four scenarios of future warming conditions (thermodynamic global warming) to show potential increases in extreme event intensity, geographic scope, and duration.

Go to Dataset

U.S. County Projections of Hourly Meteorology under Climate Change

Climate

Energy Demand

Decarbonization

Dataset

Population-weighted historical and future meteorology for four Thermodynamic Global Warming (TGW) scenarios

Go to Dataset

Western U.S. Climate Simulations

Climate

Dataset

Regional climate simulations for 1980-2020 and five future projections for 2040-2070 using a thermodynamic global warming approach based on perturbations from five Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) General Circulation Models (GCMs)

Go to Dataset

Bias Adjustment and Statistical Downscaling (BASD)

Climate

Model

An in-house ability to run the impacts community's standard bias-correction software

Go to Model

CAM-MPAS

Climate

Model

A global atmosphere model based on the Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS) coupled with the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) physics suites

Go to Model

Hector

Climate

Model

An interactive and fast global climate model representing carbon-cycle processes/temperature response at the global scale that can be used to emulate the globally aggregated behavior of more complex climate models.

Go to Model

STITCHES

Climate

Model

A model that emulates a specific target Earth system model (ESM) and creates new scenarios or new ensemble members of existing scenarios of climate model output by stitching together pieces of existing simulations

Go to Model

Hydrology

BCQC SNOTEL

Hydrology

Dataset

Bias-corrected and quality-controlled daily snow water equivalent (SWE) and meteorological records for over 800 SNOTEL stations

Go to Dataset

Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) Benchmark Dataset

Hydrology

Drought

Flooding

Dataset

A benchmark CLM5 dataset for evaluating uncertainty in hydrological applications over the United States

Go to Dataset

Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM)

Hydrology

Drought

Flooding

Model

A high-resolution, physics-based, open-source community model that simulates environmental and human effects on hydrologic processes, water cycle, hydrological extremes, and river temperature across various hydrometeorological regimes

Go to Model

Xanthos

Hydrology

Drought

Model

A model that simulates historical and future global water availability (e.g., runoff) on a monthly time step at a spatial resolution of 0.5 geographic degrees.

Go to Model

Water Management

ISTARF

Water Management

Dataset

Inferred weekly storage targets and release functions for large reservoirs in the contiguous US (CONUS)

Go to Dataset

ResOpsUS

Water Management

Dataset

The most comprehensive dataset of United States historical reservoir operations gathered to date

Go to Dataset

Mosartwmpy

Water Management

Drought

Model

A Python translation of the MOdel for Scale Adaptive River Transport and Water Management (MOSART-WM), a river routing and reservoir management model written in Fortran.

Go to Model

STARFIT

Water Management

Model

Reservoir operations model with a data-driven operations scheme

Go to Model

Tethys

Water Management

Multisectoral

Model

A model that disaggregates GCAM's region-scale, annual water demand projections to a finer gridded, monthly resolution

Go to Model

Hydropower

CMIP5 Hydropower Projections for the U.S.

Hydropower

Dataset

Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5)-based hydropower projections for federal power marketing areas as part of the Secure Water Act Report section 9505

Go to Dataset

CMIP6 Hydropower Projections for the U.S.

Hydropower

Dataset

Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6)-based hydropower projections for federal power marketing areas as part of the Secure Water Act Report section 9505 using

Go to Publication

RectifHyd

Hydropower

Dataset

Improved historical monthly energy generation estimates for 1,500 hydroelectric power plants in the U.S.

Go to Dataset

WECC ADS 2032 Hydropower Dataset

Hydropower

Dataset

Weekly hydropower generation and operational constraints for input into a production cost model

Go to Dataset

Western U.S. Hydropower Generation and Thermoelectric Derating Datasets

Hydropower

Dataset

A monthly time series of historical and future monthly hydropower generation and water availability-sensitive thermoelectric plant capacity derating for the Western Interconnect

Go to Publication

WMP

Hydropower

Model

A model that processes mosartwmpy output and is a hybrid process-based and statistical approach for monthly hydropower generation

Go to Publication

Drought

Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) Benchmark Dataset

Hydrology

Drought

Flooding

Dataset

A benchmark CLM5 dataset for evaluating uncertainty in hydrological applications over the United States

Go to Dataset

Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM)

Hydrology

Drought

Flooding

Model

A high-resolution, physics-based, open-source community model that simulates environmental and human effects on hydrologic processes, water cycle, hydrological extremes, and river temperature across various hydrometeorological regimes

Go to Model

Mosartwmpy

Water Management

Drought

Model

A Python translation of the MOdel for Scale Adaptive River Transport and Water Management (MOSART-WM), a river routing and reservoir management model written in Fortran.

Go to Model

Xanthos

Hydrology

Drought

Model

A model that simulates historical and future global water availability (e.g., runoff) on a monthly time step at a spatial resolution of 0.5 geographic degrees.

Go to Model

Flooding

Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) Benchmark Dataset

Hydrology

Drought

Flooding

Dataset

A benchmark CLM5 dataset for evaluating uncertainty in hydrological applications over the United States

Go to Dataset

NG-IDF Design Flood Datasets

Flooding

Dataset

Datasets for characterizing extreme events relevant to hydrologic design over the conterminous United States.

Go to Dataset

Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM)

Hydrology

Drought

Flooding

Model

A high-resolution, physics-based, open-source community model that simulates environmental and human effects on hydrologic processes, water cycle, hydrological extremes, and river temperature across various hydrometeorological regimes

Go to Model

Wildfire

Predictive Model of Wildfire Burned Area

Wildfire

Model

A machine learning model of wildfire burned area for the contiguous U.S. (CONUS)

Go to Publication

Predictive Model of Wildfire Emissions

Wildfire

Model

A machine learning model of wildfire emissions (PM2.5) for the contiguous U.S. (CONUS)

Go to Publication

Rapid Analytics for Disaster Response - FIRE (RADR-FIRE)

Wildfire

Model

RADR-FIRE combines multi-modal imagery, artificial intelligence (AI), and scalable cloud computing with an infrastructure damage assessment tool to understand current impact and risk to infrastructure

Go to Model

Storms

Global Mesoscale Convective Systems

Storms

Dataset

A high-resolution global data product of Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCS)

Go to Publication

U.S. Warm Season Storms

Storms

Dataset

A high-resolution unified observational data product of Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCS) and Isolated Deep Convection (IDC) in the U.S. for 2004–2017

Go to Dataset

Convective Cloud Analysis

Storms

Model

A flexible feature tracking python software package (pyFLEXTRKR) for convective cloud analysis

Go to Model

Extreme Precipitation Prediction

Storms

Model

A machine learning model for understanding and predicting extreme precipitation, including hail (ML-UPH)

Go to Model

Risk Analysis Framework for Tropical Cyclones (RAFT)

Storms

Model

A unified framework to quantify the risk associated with tropical cyclones (TCs)

Go to Publication

Energy Demand

Residential Energy Consumption Projections by Income Groups under Decarbonization

Energy Demand

justice & equity

Decarbonization

Dataset

Energy consumption output by income group from GCAM-USA with the multiple-consumer feature under four scenarios.

Go to Dataset

Total Load Profiles by Balancing Authority in the Western United States

Energy Demand

Dataset

Hourly time-series of total load profiles across Balancing Authorities (BAs) in the western United States (U.S.) electricity grid interconnection for two different socioeconomic pathways and one climate scenario.

Go to Dataset

Transportation Electrification Load Profiles by Balancing Authority in the Western United States

Energy Demand

Decarbonization

Dataset

Hourly time-series electric charging load profiles by transportation sector across Balancing Authorities (BAs) in the Western United States.

Go to Dataset

U.S. Balancing Authority Projections of Hourly Meteorology under Climate Change

Climate

Energy Demand

Decarbonization

Dataset

Population-weighted historical and future meteorology for four Thermodynamic Global Warming (TGW) scenarios

Go to Dataset

U.S. County Projections of Hourly Meteorology under Climate Change

Climate

Energy Demand

Decarbonization

Dataset

Population-weighted historical and future meteorology for four Thermodynamic Global Warming (TGW) scenarios

Go to Dataset

Helios

Energy Demand

Model

A model that projects population-weighted heating and cooling degree days/hours globally based on a climate projection

Go to Model

Total ELectricity Loads (TELL)

Energy Demand

Model

A model that projects the short- and long-term evolution of hourly electricity demand in response to future changes in weather, climate, and population.

Go to Model

Solar and Wind

Historical Balancing Authority-Scale Hourly Solar and Wind Generation for Lower 48 U.S. States

Solar and Wind

Decarbonization

Dataset

Coincident historical hourly solar and wind generation for each Balancing Authority in the lower 48 U.S. states aggregated from simulated plant-level generation of plants that exist in the Energy Information Administration (EIA) database as of 2020.

Go to Dataset

Historical Hourly to Subseasonal Solar and Wind Energy Droughts in the Lower 48 U.S. States

Solar and Wind

Decarbonization

Dataset

Physically consistent and coincident historical wind, solar, and load data for 15 Balancing Authorities (BAs) in the lower 48 U.S. states and pre-computed BA-scale energy droughts for a variety of time scales from 1 hour to 5 days.

Go to Dataset

Historical Plant-Scale Hourly Solar and Wind for Lower 48 U.S. States

Solar and Wind

Decarbonization

Dataset

Simulated coincident historical hourly solar and wind generation for each plant in the lower 48 U.S. states that is part of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2020 dataset.

Go to Dataset

Hourly Wind and Solar Generation Profiles at 1/8th Degree Resolution

Solar and Wind

Dataset

This dataset uses regional atmospheric climate model output to simulate wind and solar power generation across the entire contiguous US. This data is particularly useful for obtaining power production profiles at new locations or locations where only short records exist, or to study climate change impacts. We assume that a generic power plant exists at each grid cell and model the power output for solar at the surface and wind at 80, 100 and 125 meter hub heights. The data consists of a historical period 1980-2022 and several future scenarios that extend from 2020-2099.

Go to Dataset

Integrated Multisectoral Analysis

GCAM-USA Decarbonization Pathways for GODEEEP

Multisectoral

Decarbonization

Dataset

GCAM-USA 21st century deep decarbonization simulation pathways that rely on wind, solar, hydropower, and storage to meet 2035 goals and additional technology solutions to meet 2050 goals.

Go to Dataset

GCAM-v5.4-NDC-Ratchet-dataset

Multisectoral

Dataset

A dataset with Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM) scenario results for post-COP26 (2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference) ratcheting of climate pledges needed to limit peak global warming

Go to Dataset

GCAM-v5.4-NDC-Science-dataset

Multisectoral

Dataset

A dataset with Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM) scenario results for pre-COP26 (2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference) pledges

Go to Dataset

Global Income Projections

Multisectoral

Dataset

Projections of income distribution by decile for all countries for the five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways

Go to Dataset

Income Projections for Washington State

Multisectoral

justice & equity

Dataset

Income projections for Washington state (under census geographic boundary 2020) from 2020 to 2100 at the block group and block level, respectively, based on different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs).

Go to Dataset

Population Projections in Washington State

Multisectoral

justice & equity

Dataset

Block-level population projections in Washington state under different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) for every decade from 2020 to 2040.

Go to Dataset

State-level Population Projections by Income Decile

Multisectoral

justice & equity

Dataset

Income distributions are a growing area of interest in the examination of equity impacts brought on by climate change and its responses. We project US state level population income distributions using a PCA-based approach.

Go to Dataset

U.S. Net Zero and Clean Grid Pathways

Multisectoral

Dataset

GCAM-USA scenarios submission to the Fifth U.S. National Climate Assessment

Go to Dataset

U.S. State-level Projections of the Spatial Distribution of Population

Multisectoral

justice & equity

Dataset

State-level population projections for SSPs 2, 3, and 5 produced with the Population Gravity model.

Go to Dataset

Capacity Expansion Regional Feasibility (CERF)

Multisectoral

justice & equity

Model

A model that simulates regional to national scale renewable and non-renewable power plant siting and interconnection decisions over time while accounting for the impacts of climate and non-climate factors on siting feasibility

Go to Model

Demeter

Ag & Land Use

Multisectoral

Model

A model that downscales GCAM land use and land cover projections to a user defined resolution

Go to Model

Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM)

Multisectoral

Model

A global model that represents the behavior of, and interactions between, five systems: energy, water, agriculture and land use, the economy, and the climate

Go to Model

Tethys

Water Management

Multisectoral

Model

A model that disaggregates GCAM's region-scale, annual water demand projections to a finer gridded, monthly resolution

Go to Model

Agriculture & Land Use

Agricultural Yield Variability

Ag & Land Use

Model

A model to estimate annual, weather-driven yield shocks using biophysical characteristics for U.S. rainfed and irrigated maize, soybeans, and winter wheat.

Go to Model

Demeter

Ag & Land Use

Multisectoral

Model

A model that downscales GCAM land use and land cover projections to a user defined resolution

Go to Model

Moirai

Ag & Land Use

Model

A high resolution data system that compiles land data for calibrating global and regional models

Go to Model

Osiris

Ag & Land Use

Model

A model that processes climate impacts on agricultural yields for the Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM)

Go to Model

Decarbonization Pathways

GCAM-USA Decarbonization Pathways for GODEEEP

Multisectoral

Decarbonization

Dataset

GCAM-USA 21st century deep decarbonization simulation pathways that rely on wind, solar, hydropower, and storage to meet 2035 goals and additional technology solutions to meet 2050 goals.

Go to Dataset

GCAM-USA Scenarios for GODEEEP

Decarbonization

Dataset

This dataset contains a set of twelve future (2020-2050) scenarios modeled by GCAM-USA for the GODEEEP project for the purpose of studying the effects of climate, socioeconomic change, technology change, current decarbonization incentives, and longer-term decarbonization policies on the U.S. energy-economy, the electricity grid, human well-being, and the environment.

Go to Dataset

Historical Balancing Authority-Scale Hourly Solar and Wind Generation for Lower 48 U.S. States

Solar and Wind

Decarbonization

Dataset

Coincident historical hourly solar and wind generation for each Balancing Authority in the lower 48 U.S. states aggregated from simulated plant-level generation of plants that exist in the Energy Information Administration (EIA) database as of 2020.

Go to Dataset

Historical Hourly to Subseasonal Solar and Wind Energy Droughts in the Lower 48 U.S. States

Solar and Wind

Decarbonization

Dataset

Physically consistent and coincident historical wind, solar, and load data for 15 Balancing Authorities (BAs) in the lower 48 U.S. states and pre-computed BA-scale energy droughts for a variety of time scales from 1 hour to 5 days.

Go to Dataset

Historical Plant-Scale Hourly Solar and Wind for Lower 48 U.S. States

Solar and Wind

Decarbonization

Dataset

Simulated coincident historical hourly solar and wind generation for each plant in the lower 48 U.S. states that is part of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) 2020 dataset.

Go to Dataset

Residential Energy Consumption Projections by Income Groups under Decarbonization

Energy Demand

justice & equity

Decarbonization

Dataset

Energy consumption output by income group from GCAM-USA with the multiple-consumer feature under four scenarios.

Go to Dataset

Transportation Electrification Load Profiles by Balancing Authority in the Western United States

Energy Demand

Decarbonization

Dataset

Hourly time-series electric charging load profiles by transportation sector across Balancing Authorities (BAs) in the Western United States.

Go to Dataset

U.S. Balancing Authority Projections of Hourly Meteorology under Climate Change

Climate

Energy Demand

Decarbonization

Dataset

Population-weighted historical and future meteorology for four Thermodynamic Global Warming (TGW) scenarios

Go to Dataset

U.S. County Projections of Hourly Meteorology under Climate Change

Climate

Energy Demand

Decarbonization

Dataset

Population-weighted historical and future meteorology for four Thermodynamic Global Warming (TGW) scenarios

Go to Dataset

Updated Projections of Residential Energy Consumption across Multiple Income Groups under Decarbonization Scenarios using GCAM-USA

Decarbonization

justice & equity

Dataset

Understanding the residential energy consumption patterns across multiple income groups under decarbonization scenarios is crucial for designing equitable and effective energy policies that address climate change while minimizing disparities. This dataset is developed using an integrated human-Earth system model, supported by the Grid Operations, Decarbonization, Environmental and Energy Equity Platform (GODEEEP) Investment at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Compared to the first version of the dataset (https://zenodo.org/record/79880387), this updated dataset is based on model runs where the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) are implemented in the model scenarios. In addition to the queried and post-processed key output variables related to residential energy sector in .csv tables, we also upload the full model output databases in this repository, so that users can query their desired model outputs.

Go to Dataset

Justice & Equity

Income Projections for Washington State

Multisectoral

justice & equity

Dataset

Income projections for Washington state (under census geographic boundary 2020) from 2020 to 2100 at the block group and block level, respectively, based on different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs).

Go to Dataset

Population Projections in Washington State

Multisectoral

justice & equity

Dataset

Block-level population projections in Washington state under different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) for every decade from 2020 to 2040.

Go to Dataset

Residential Energy Consumption Projections by Income Groups under Decarbonization

Energy Demand

justice & equity

Decarbonization

Dataset

Energy consumption output by income group from GCAM-USA with the multiple-consumer feature under four scenarios.

Go to Dataset

State-level Population Projections by Income Decile

Multisectoral

justice & equity

Dataset

Income distributions are a growing area of interest in the examination of equity impacts brought on by climate change and its responses. We project US state level population income distributions using a PCA-based approach.

Go to Dataset

U.S. State-level Projections of the Spatial Distribution of Population

Multisectoral

justice & equity

Dataset

State-level population projections for SSPs 2, 3, and 5 produced with the Population Gravity model.

Go to Dataset

Updated Projections of Residential Energy Consumption across Multiple Income Groups under Decarbonization Scenarios using GCAM-USA

Decarbonization

justice & equity

Dataset

Understanding the residential energy consumption patterns across multiple income groups under decarbonization scenarios is crucial for designing equitable and effective energy policies that address climate change while minimizing disparities. This dataset is developed using an integrated human-Earth system model, supported by the Grid Operations, Decarbonization, Environmental and Energy Equity Platform (GODEEEP) Investment at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Compared to the first version of the dataset (https://zenodo.org/record/79880387), this updated dataset is based on model runs where the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) are implemented in the model scenarios. In addition to the queried and post-processed key output variables related to residential energy sector in .csv tables, we also upload the full model output databases in this repository, so that users can query their desired model outputs.

Go to Dataset

Capacity Expansion Regional Feasibility (CERF)

Multisectoral

justice & equity

Model

A model that simulates regional to national scale renewable and non-renewable power plant siting and interconnection decisions over time while accounting for the impacts of climate and non-climate factors on siting feasibility

Go to Model

pridr: A software package that can represent and projectincome distributions dynamically using various input data

justice & equity

Model

This package can flexibly generate income deciles based on multiple approaches such as a lognormal based approach or a more detail PCA driven model.

Go to Model

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is managed
and operated by Battelle for the Department of Energy